![]() The past thousand years have seen the rise of fall of the first true empire in world history. What is happening in Middle East in 1500BCE Situated in the Nile valley, Egypt has already produced some of the most famous structures in all history, the great Pyramids of Giza.Ī Panoramic Overview of Early CivilizationsĬhanging Fortunes: Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt The second great civilization of the ancient world is now well established. The Sumerians alloy these two metals together to make bronze, which they use in weapons and armour. The spread of trade routes is linked to a demand for tin and copper. ![]() This has been carried by the trade networks radiating outwards from the Sumerian cities. Towns and cities are now scattered over a large part of the Middle East, with outlying regions such as Asia Minor and Iran being drawn into the orbit of urban civilization. In the previous thousand years, the influence of Mesopotamian civilization has spread far and wide. What is happening in Middle East in 2500BCE The Sumerians In recent years, another Muslim Turkish group, the Khwarizm Shah, have taken control of Iran, and the Middle East will see new waves of invaders from central Asia during the next two centuries. The Europeans now control only a narrow strip of coast. These “ Crusades” met vigorous resistance, and have all but failed. The Seljuq conquests, and the stricter conditions they placed on Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem, led to a succession of campaigns from Europe, which attempted to set up a number of Christian states in Syria. These were the Ayyubids, and they have succeeded in conquering up into Syria and far into the Arabian peninsula. ![]() Turkish sultans also came to power in Egypt, which had never been conquered by the Seljuqs. The sultanate of Rum, in Asia Minor, was the most notable of these (“Rum” means “Rome”, because this sultanate lay in former Byzantine, or Roman, territory). Seljuq power soon broke up, however, giving way to regional states ruled by sultans of Turkish origin. They were careful not to usurp the spiritual position of the caliphs, but ruled in their name with the title of “sultan”, or governor. The Seljuqs were a group of Muslim Turks from central Asia who, swooping down from their homeland, overran Iran, Iraq, Syria and much of Asia Minor, where they took much territory from the Byzantine empire. The preceding two centuries have seen the rise and decline of Seljuq power in the Middle East. What is happening in Middle East in 1215CE The Seljuqs
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